EMERGENCIES ALL SHOULD KNOW:AORTIC DISSECTION

AORTIC DISSECTION

The aorta is the large blood vessel that leads from the heart and carries blood to the rest of the body.In some cases, the dissection will cross all three layers of the aortic wall and cause immediate rupture and almost certain death. In most other cases, the blood is contained between the wall layers, usually causing pain felt in the back or flanks.

• Type A dissections involve the ascending aorta and arch.
• Type B involves the descending aorta
• It is uncertain as to why the initial tear (rent) occurs in the intima layer of the aortic wall. Aortic dissection tends to occur most commonly in men between the ages of 50 and 70.Pain is the most common symptom of aortic dissection and is often described as tearing or ripping and often begins suddenly.The pain of an abdominal aortic dissection can be confused with the pain caused by a kidney stone.The health care professional should always be suspicious of aortic dissection as one of the three major causes of chest pain that can cause death, in addition to heart attack and pulmonary embolism.
• The ABCs of resuscitation are always a priority.
• Type A aortic dissections of the ascending aorta require stenting or surgery.
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• Medical management (nonsurgical) is usually preferred for type B dissection of the descending aorta, but again, each patient needs to be assessed individually as to the specific treatment suggested. Medications are prescribed to aggressively control high blood pressure to prevent further dissection and aortic injury.
• Any chest pain should not be ignored and medical care should be accessed immediately.Since the cause of the chest pain may be unknown, giving a baby aspirin to the patient is appropriate, as is providing nitroglycerin. 
• next in blog:
• ARRHYTHMIAS
  HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS
  HYPOTENSION
  BRONCHOSPASM
  FOREIGN BODY(AIRWAY)
  EPISTAXIS
  HYPOGLYCEMIA
  ACUTE PAIN ABDOMEN
  HAEMETEMESIS
  THROMBOSED,PAINFUL PILES
  ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS
  PARAPHIMOSIS
  TESTICULAR TORSION
  TRAUMA
  RENAL COLIC
  PRIAPISM
  ACUTE URINE RETENSION
  SEVERE PALLOR
  ABSCESS
  ANIMAL BITES
  POISONING
  BURNS
  SEIZURES
  PARALYTIC STROKE
  ANY PREGNANCY RELATED EVENT
  SUDDEN LOSS OR IMPAIRMENT OF VISION
  SUDDEN HEAD ACHE AND VOMITING
  HIGH GRADE FEVER
  NON-RESPONSIVENESS
  VIOLENT BEHAVIOUR
  SUDDEN CALF PAIN
  SEVERE BREATHLESSNESS